What is the TN U.S. Visa for NAFTA Professionals?

The [TN nonimmigrant visa category](/immigration-resources/tn-visa-guide) is a part of the [North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)](https://www.trade.gov/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta^), which is now succeeded by the [United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)](https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement^). This visa category is designed to facilitate the entry of Canadian and Mexican citizens to the United States for temporary employment in professional occupations.

The primary purpose of the TN visa is to provide a legal and straightforward means for businesses in the U.S. to bring in qualified professionals from Canada and Mexico. This visa is particularly useful for industries and professions where there is a shortage of qualified American workers.

Professionals who are eligible to seek admission under the TN nonimmigrant visa category must have at least a [bachelor's degree or appropriate professional credentials](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/employment/visas-canadian-mexican-nafta-professional-workers.html^) in the field of specialized knowledge. The list of eligible professionals is pre-determined and includes, but is not limited to, engineers, accountants, architects, lawyers, pharmacists, scientists, and teachers.

Typically, the initial period of stay for TN visa holders is up to three years. However, extensions of stay may be granted in increments of up to three years with no maximum limit on the total period stay. This means that as long as the TN visa holder continues to satisfy the requirements for TN status, they may seek to extend their stay indefinitely.

[Changes of status](https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals^) are also common for TN visa holders, depending on their circumstances. For example, if a TN visa holder gets a job offer from another U.S. employer, they can apply for a change of employer. Alternatively, a TN visa holder can apply to adjust their status to a different nonimmigrant or immigrant visa category if they meet the requirements for that visa.

Despite its advantages, the TN nonimmigrant visa comes with certain restrictions. For instance, the purpose of the visit must be temporary, and the visa holder must maintain a residence abroad that they have no intention of abandoning. The visa holder is also not permitted to engage in study or employment other than the professional activity for which they were admitted.

Obtaining a TN visa involves meeting a series of specific requirements, which are as follows:

Applicants must be citizens of either Canada or Mexico. Permanent residents or non-citizen nationals of these countries are not eligible to apply for a TN visa.

Applicants must be professionals who are coming to the U.S. to work in a prearranged full-time or part-time job for a U.S. employer. Self-employment is not allowed under the TN visa category. The job must be in a profession that is on the NAFTA list, which includes, but is not limited to, accountants, engineers, lawyers, pharmacists, scientists, and teachers.

The applicant must meet the specific educational and/or experience requirements of the profession as outlined in the NAFTA list. This usually means having at least a Bachelor's degree in a field related to the profession. However, some professions may require a licenciatura degree, post-secondary diploma, or post-secondary certificate, along with specific work experience.

Applicants must prove that they have a residence outside the U.S. that they have no intention of abandoning and that they intend to depart the U.S. when their TN status expires or is terminated.

Compliance with Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Regulations:

Applicants must comply with all U.S. laws and regulations, including but not limited to, those enforced by the DHS.

Applicants must provide a contract or letter of employment from the U.S. employer detailing the professional capacity in which they will work in the U.S., the purpose of the employment, the length of stay, and the educational qualifications.

These eligibility criteria are designed to ensure that the TN visa is used for its intended purpose: to facilitate the temporary employment of qualified Canadian and Mexican professionals in the U.S. in accordance with the NAFTA agreement.

What are the Benefits of the TN U.S. Visa?

The TN visa provides a range of benefits to its holders, making it an attractive option for eligible professionals from Canada and Mexico. Here are some key advantages:

One of the main benefits of the TN visa is that it allows professionals to work legally in the U.S. in a prearranged job for a U.S. employer. The job must be in one of the professions listed in the NAFTA agreement.

The TN visa is typically granted for an initial period of up to three years. However, it is possible to apply for extensions of stay in increments of up to three years, with no maximum limit on the total period of stay. This makes the TN visa a flexible option for professionals who need to work in the U.S. for a longer period.

Transition to Another Visa or Permanent Residency:

Although the TN visa is a nonimmigrant visa and requires the holder to maintain a residence abroad with no intention of abandoning, it is possible under certain circumstances to adjust status to another nonimmigrant or immigrant visa category or even apply for permanent residency (Green Card). However, transitioning to permanent residency can be complex and should be handled with the help of an experienced [immigration attorney](/immigration-resources/immigration-parole-guide).

While the primary purpose of the TN visa is to enable employment in the U.S., TN visa holders may also engage in part-time study. However, they cannot change their status to a [full-time student visa (F-1 visa)](/immigration-resources/m-1-student-visa-guide).

Spouses and unmarried children under the age of 21 of TN visa holders can accompany or later join the TN visa holder in the U.S. under the [TD visa category](https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals^).

TN visas allow for multiple entries into the U.S, which can be beneficial for professionals who travel frequently for work or personal reasons.

For Canadian citizens, one of the advantages of the TN visa is that they can apply directly at a U.S. port of entry, allowing for expedited processing. Mexican citizens, however, must apply for a TN visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate.

Despite these benefits, it's important to note that the TN visa comes with certain restrictions, including limitations on self-employment and full-time study, among others. It's crucial to fully understand these restrictions to maintain legal status in the U.S.

How do I Apply for the TN U.S. Visa Step-by-Step?

The application process for the TN visa can vary slightly depending on whether the applicant is a citizen of Canada or Mexico. Here, we'll outline a general step-by-step guide for both.

Wait times for visa appointments can vary widely depending on the

What Documentation and Supporting Materials are needed for the TN U.S. Visa?

The following are essential documents that are generally required when applying for a TN visa:

It's essential to note that specific document requirements can vary based on individual circumstances. Therefore, applicants should check the exact requirements with the U.S. embassy or consulate where

How can I Prepare for the TN U.S. Visa Interview?

The visa interview is a crucial part of the TN visa application process, especially for Mexican citizens. Here are some tips to help you prepare:

Common questions asked during the interview might include:

Keep in mind that a TN visa can be denied for several reasons, including:

Remember, each case is unique, so it's important to prepare thoroughly and consider seeking advice from an immigration attorney if needed.

What are the Fees Associated with the TN U.S. Visa?

Applying for a TN visa comes with certain costs, which can vary depending on the applicant's nationality and where the application is processed. Here's a general breakdown of the fees:

Please note that these fees are per person, so if family members are also applying for a visa (TD visa for dependents), they will need to pay the same fees.

There is no SEVIS fee associated with the TN visa as this fee is applicable to certain types of student and exchange visitor visas.

It's also important to keep in mind that these are the mandatory government fees and do not include optional costs such as courier fees or legal fees if you choose to use an immigration attorney. Fees are subject to change, so it's always a good idea to check the most recent fee schedule on the U.S. Department of State's website.

What to Expect After TN U.S. Visa Approval?

After your TN visa has been approved, there are a few steps you should take to prepare for your arrival in the U.S.:

If your plans change while in the U.S. (for example, if you find a new employer), it's important to understand how these changes might affect your TN status. You may need to take certain steps, such as filing a new application or leaving and reentering the U.S., to maintain your legal status. Always consult with an immigration attorney if you're unsure.

How can I Maintain my TN U.S. Visa Status?

Maintaining your TN visa status is crucial to avoid any legal issues while in the U.S. Here are some key points to remember:

Remember, failure to maintain your nonimmigrant status can result in your removal from the U.S. and can affect your eligibility to return to the U.S. in the future. If you have any questions or uncertainties, it's always a good idea to consult with an immigration attorney.

How can I Extend or Change my TN U.S. Visa Status?

TN visa holders may apply for an [extension of stay](https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals^) or change of status, subject to certain conditions.

The TN visa is initially granted for up to three years, but extensions can be granted in increments of up to three years with no maximum limit on the total period of stay.

To extend TN status, the following steps must be taken:

The processing time for Form I-129 can vary, so it's recommended to apply as early as possible.

A TN visa holder may also apply to change their status to another nonimmigrant or immigrant visa category, if eligible. To change status:

Note that changing to an immigrant visa category (i.e., applying for a Green Card) from TN status can be complex, as the TN visa is a nonimmigrant visa and requires nonimmigrant intent. Consult with an immigration attorney to understand the implications and best course of action.

Remember, you must maintain legal status while your application for extension or change of status is pending.

What are Common Mistakes in the TN U.S. Visa Process and How Can I Avoid Them?

While applying for or maintaining a TN visa, applicants often make certain mistakes that could jeopardize their visa status. Here are some common mistakes and tips on how to avoid them:

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can improve your chances of a successful TN visa application and maintain your legal status while in the U.S.

Here are some frequently asked questions related to the TN visa:

The initial period of stay for a TN visa is up to three years. However, it's possible to get extensions of stay in increments of up to three years, with no maximum limit on the total period of stay.

Yes, it's possible to apply for a Green Card while on a TN visa. However, because the TN visa is a nonimmigrant visa and requires nonimmigrant intent, this process can be complex and should be handled with the help of an immigration attorney.

Yes, TN visa holders can travel outside the U.S. and reenter, provided they have a valid TN visa in their passport. If your visa has expired, you will need to apply for a new one before you can reenter the U.S.

Yes, but you must obtain a new TN status based on a job offer from your new employer. Your new employer will need to file a new Form I-129 on your behalf before you can start working for them.

Yes, your spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21 can accompany or join you in the U.S. under the TD visa category.

While the primary purpose of the TN visa is to enable employment in the U.S., TN visa holders may engage in part-time study. However, they cannot change their status to a full-time student visa (F-1 visa).

What are Some Frequently Asked Questions about the TN U.S. Visa?

How long can I stay in the U.S. on a TN visa?

Can I apply for a Green Card while on a TN visa?

Can I travel outside the U.S. while on a TN visa?

Can I change employers while on a TN visa?

Can my family accompany me to the U.S. while I'm on a TN visa?

Need help with the TN visa process? This guide explains the eligibility criteria, benefits, and application process. It also covers the interview, costs, and post-approval procedures. We answer your most frequently asked questions.

TN U.S. Visa: A Guide for NAFTA Professionals

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