[Temporary Protected Status (TPS)](/immigration-resources/temporary-protected-status-explained) is a crucial concept in [U.S. immigration policy](https://www.uscis.gov/laws-and-policy^). This article aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of TPS, its history, determination process, [eligibility criteria](https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/temporary-protected-status^), [application process](https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/temporary-protected-status^), and implications for immigrants in the U.S. Whether you're an immigrant, a legal professional, a policy maker, a researcher, or a student, this article will equip you with a solid understanding of TPS.

Established under the [Immigration Act of 1990](https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2009/03/04/IMMACT1990.pdf^), TPS is a non-permanent status that allows individuals from certain countries to live and work in the U.S. This is typically granted when their home country is deemed unsafe due to factors such as armed conflict, natural disasters, or other extraordinary conditions. In 2003, the authority to grant TPS shifted from the Attorney General to the [Secretary of Homeland Security](https://www.dhs.gov/topics/secretary-homeland-security^). 

In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the intricacies of TPS, providing you with a detailed guide on its determination, eligibility, application process, and more.

The concept of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) was introduced in the United States through the Immigration Act of 1990. This act established a framework for providing temporary refuge to individuals from countries experiencing ongoing armed conflict, environmental disasters, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions.

Initially, the authority to designate a country for TPS rested with the Attorney General. However, in 2003, this authority was transferred to the Secretary of Homeland Security. This shift was part of a larger restructuring of the U.S. government's approach to homeland security following the events of September 11, 2001.

The history of TPS is marked by its flexible nature. The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with other federal agencies, has the discretion to designate a country for TPS. Once a country is designated, its nationals who are already in the U.S. can apply for TPS. The duration of a country's TPS is usually 6, 12, or 18 months, but can be extended at the Secretary's discretion. This flexibility allows the U.S. government to respond effectively to rapidly changing conditions in foreign countries.

In the next section, we will explore in detail how the Secretary of Homeland Security determines which countries to designate for TPS.

The decision to grant a country Temporary Protected Status (TPS) lies in the hands of the Secretary of Homeland Security. This decision is not made in isolation, but rather in consultation with other federal agencies, including the Department of State. This collaborative approach ensures that a comprehensive assessment of the conditions in a potential TPS-designated country is conducted.

The Secretary of Homeland Security considers various factors when determining whether to designate a country for TPS. These factors may include ongoing armed conflict, an environmental disaster, an epidemic, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions that prevent nationals from the country from returning safely.

Once a country is designated for TPS, its nationals who are already in the U.S. can apply for this status. It's important to note that the TPS designation does not apply to nationals who arrive in the U.S. after the designation date.

The duration of a country's TPS is usually set for 6, 12, or 18 months. However, the Secretary of Homeland Security has the discretion to extend the TPS designation if the unsafe conditions in the country persist. 

In the following section, we will discuss the eligibility criteria for individuals seeking to apply for TPS.

Applying for Temporary Protected Status (TPS) involves a series of steps that must be carefully followed to ensure a successful application. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you navigate this process:

Remember, obtaining TPS does not automatically lead to lawful permanent resident status (a green card) or citizenship. However, it does not prevent you from applying for nonimmigrant status, filing for adjustment of status based on an immigrant petition, or applying for any other immigration benefit or protection for which you may be eligible.

The list of countries designated for Temporary Protected Status (TPS) can change over time, depending on the conditions in each country and the decisions made by the Secretary of Homeland Security. It's important to keep up-to-date with these changes, as they directly impact the eligibility of nationals from these countries to apply for TPS.

As of the time of writing, the following countries are designated for TPS:

However, it's crucial to note that TPS for some countries has expired. These countries include:

Nationals from these countries who had TPS may have returned to their previous immigration status, unless they obtained a new immigration status during the TPS period.

Please refer to the [U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website](/immigration-resources/uscis-processing-times-guide) for the most current list of countries designated for TPS and for specific registration and re-registration periods for each country.

In the next section, we will delve into the [implications of TPS](/immigration-resources/temporary-protected-status-explained) for immigrants in the U.S.

While Temporary Protected Status (TPS) provides significant benefits, such as protection from deportation and the ability to obtain an employment authorization document (EAD), it's important to understand its limitations and implications.

Firstly, TPS is a temporary benefit that does not lead to lawful permanent resident status, more commonly known as getting a green card, or U.S. citizenship. However, registration for TPS does not prevent you from:

Secondly, if TPS is terminated for your country of origin, your immigration status will revert to what it was before you received TPS, unless you obtained a new immigration status during the TPS period. For example, if you were undocumented before you received TPS and did not obtain a new immigration status during the TPS period, you will return to being undocumented.

Lastly, it's important to note that being granted TPS does not mean you're immune to deportation. If you commit certain crimes or security violations, you can still be removed from the U.S.

Understanding these implications is crucial for making informed decisions about your immigration journey. In the next section, we will answer some frequently asked questions about TPS.

Yes, but you must apply for and receive [travel authorization](/immigration-resources/visa-waiver-program-esta-guide) before you leave the U.S. This is known as Advance Parole. Without this, you may not be allowed to re-enter the U.S. and you could have your TPS revoked.

Yes, individuals with TPS can apply for an [Employment Authorization Document (EAD)](/immigration-resources/employment-authorization-application-guide) and, if granted, can work in the U.S.

TPS itself does not lead to a green card. However, having TPS does not prevent you from applying for other immigration statuses, including a green card, if you are eligible.

If your TPS is denied or withdrawn, you revert to the same immigration status you maintained before TPS. If you were undocumented, you return to being undocumented unless you obtained a new immigration status during the TPS period.

Yes, if your TPS application is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision within 30 days of the date of the decision.

Can I travel outside the U.S. if I have TPS?

What happens if my TPS is denied or withdrawn?

Can I appeal if my TPS application is denied?

Understanding Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is crucial for anyone interested in U.S. immigration policies. From its history and determination process to eligibility, application, and implications, TPS is a complex but vital aspect of the [U.S. immigration system](https://www.uscis.gov/^).

TPS provides temporary relief to individuals from countries experiencing extraordinary conditions, allowing them to live and work in the U.S. However, it's important to remember that TPS is a temporary benefit and does not directly lead to a green card or U.S. citizenship.

The list of countries designated for TPS can change, and the status of individuals with TPS can change if their country's designation is terminated. Therefore, staying informed about the latest developments is crucial.

We hope this article has provided you with a comprehensive understanding of TPS. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always refer to [official resources](https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship^) like the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website. If you have specific questions or concerns about your situation, consider consulting with an immigration attorney or accredited representative.

This guide explains Temporary Protected Status (TPS) in the U.S., a non-permanent status for individuals from certain countries. Learn about its establishment, eligibility, application process, and limitations. Note that TPS doesn't lead to permanent residency or citizenship, but doesn't prevent applying for other immigration benefits. Stay informed about changes in the list of TPS-designated countries. TPS offers protection from deportation and work permission, but it's temporary and can be terminated. Consult legal professionals for specific advice.

Understanding Temporary Protected Status (TPS) in the U.S.

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