The Role of Humanitarian Parole in U.S. History

Humanitarian parole is a decision made by the U.S. government to let foreigners enter the country temporarily for urgent humanitarian reasons or if their entry benefits the public. The U.S. has used this approach in different situations to address both individual and larger crises.

The U.S. government grants humanitarian parole to non-U.S. citizens, allowing them to enter the country temporarily due to urgent humanitarian reasons or if their entry benefits the public. This permission is usually granted for up to two years. 

Many people worry about what will happen when the two-year parole period ends. These concerns are understandable given the temporary nature of the parole and the uncertainty about the possibility of extension or change to a more permanent immigration status.

Historical Examples of Humanitarian Parole

The U.S. has a long history of granting humanitarian parole in response to both individual cases of extreme hardship and larger humanitarian crises. These instances offer valuable insight into how the process of humanitarian parole has evolved and what outcomes parolees might expect:

**Cuban-Haitian Admission Program (1980s):** The U.S. government granted a special status known as "Entrant (Status) Cuban-Haitian" in response to the Mariel boatlift, which saw thousands of Cubans and Haitians seeking refuge in the U.S. This status offered benefits similar to those of refugee status.

**Operation Provide Refuge (1999):** During the Kosovo War, the U.S. helped displaced Albanians enter the country through a special program.

**Operation Pacific Haven (1996-1997):** This program provided a safe place for thousands of Iraqis, mainly Kurds, who had worked with American organizations after the Gulf War and were at risk of retaliation from Saddam Hussein's regime.

**Soviet Jews and Evangelical Christians:** Throughout the Cold War, the U.S. granted benefits to Soviet Jews and Evangelical Christians facing religious persecution.

**Indochina Parole Program:** After the fall of Saigon in 1975, many people from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia were granted parole due to the situations in their home countries after the war.

A recent example of the application of humanitarian parole can be seen in the case of Venezuela.

How Does Humanitarian Parole Apply to Venezuelans?

The current crisis in Venezuela has forced millions of Venezuelans to seek refuge in other countries, including the U.S. Recognizing the desperate situation, the U.S. government has granted humanitarian parole to many Venezuelans, allowing them to live, work, and seek safety within its borders.

The U.S. grants humanitarian parole to Venezuelans based on principles of empathy and solidarity. These principles have guided U.S. decisions in past crises. However, the specifics of the situation in Venezuela and the individual circumstances of those granted parole can significantly influence potential outcomes.

How Can a Parolee Change Their Immigration Status in the United States?

Changing your status in the U.S. from a parolee to a permanent resident (Green Card holder) involves meeting various requirements. Here is the general process:

The first step in the process of changing status is to file Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. This form asks for information about your background, your entry to the U.S., and other details relevant to your eligibility for a Green Card.

Along with Form I-485, you'll need to submit evidence supporting your eligibility for a change of status. This can include documents like a copy of your government-issued identity document with photograph, your birth certificate, a copy of your passport page with your nonimmigrant visa (if applicable), a copy of your passport page with your admission or parole stamp (issued by a U.S. immigration officer), and Form I-94, Arrival/Departure Record.

After you submit your application and documents, you'll be scheduled for a biometrics appointment. Here, they will take your fingerprints, photo, and signature for identification purposes.

You may also be required to attend an interview at a USCIS office. During the interview, you'll be asked questions about your application and background.

After your interview, you'll receive a decision in writing from USCIS. If your application is approved, you'll receive your Green Card in the mail.

It's important to note that not all parolees will meet the eligibility requirements for a change of status. For example, some people may be ineligible if they have certain health conditions, have committed certain crimes, or are considered a security risk. Furthermore, even if you are eligible to apply, approval is not guaranteed. It's also worth noting that the application process can be complex and time-consuming, often requiring the assistance of an immigration attorney. 

How Do Laws and Policies Affect Parolees?

Laws and policies can greatly influence the outcomes for parolees, especially when it comes to their ability to change status and become permanent residents or U.S. citizens. These laws and policies can change over time and are often influenced by the political, social, and global dynamics of the period.

Historically, there have been several instances where specific laws or policies were made to help many individuals transition from parolee to permanent resident status. For example:

**Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966:** This law allowed Cubans who had been inspected and admitted or paroled into the United States and had been physically present for at least one year to change their status to permanent residents.

**Indochinese Parole Adjustment Act of 2000:** This law allowed certain Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian parolees to apply for a change of status to permanent residency.

**Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act of 1998:** This act allowed certain Haitians, including those paroled into the U.S., to apply for a change of status.

**Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) of 1997:** NACARA provided various forms of immigration benefits and relief from deportation to certain Nicaraguans, Cubans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, nationals of former Soviet bloc countries and their dependents who had arrived in the U.S. as asylees or parolees.

What is the Future of Humanitarian Parole?

What does the future hold for humanitarian parole? Many factors, including politics, society, and global events, shape the future of humanitarian parole. The use of humanitarian parole and the associated criteria can change over time in response to these influences.

In the current global context, with increasing displacement due to conflicts, economic instability, and climate change, it's likely that the need for mechanisms like humanitarian parole will continue to be significant. The United States, with its history of providing refuge to those in desperate situations, will likely continue to use humanitarian parole as one of the tools in its humanitarian response arsenal.

However, the specifics of how and when humanitarian parole is granted can vary. For example, changes in administration can lead to shifts in immigration policy, including the use of humanitarian parole. Similarly, evolving global crises can prompt the expansion or restriction of humanitarian parole use.

As for future trends, it's possible that we could see an increased focus on providing pathways to more permanent statuses for those granted humanitarian parole, particularly in response to protracted crises. This could be influenced by growing recognition of the contributions that immigrants make to the U.S., as well as the understanding that stability and certainty are beneficial for both the individuals and the communities they become a part of.

However, it's important to note that these are speculations based on current trends and historical precedents. Like other immigration policies, the future of humanitarian parole depends on many factors and can change.

For those granted humanitarian parole, it's crucial to stay informed about any changes in law or policy that could impact their status. You may find it helpful to consult with an immigration attorney to understand potential pathways to change status and navigate the complex immigration system.

A clear and easy-to-understand guide on the U.S. Humanitarian Parole program, its history, and possible outcomes. Learn how to change from a parolee to a permanent resident and the factors that can influence this process.

A Simple Guide to Understanding Humanitarian Parole

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